Hydroponic succulents: How to grow and care for succulents in water?

Updated December 2024

Succulents are often associated with arid deserts, thriving in sandy, well-draining soil under the harsh sun. So, the idea of growing these hardy plants in water might sound a little strange at first. After all, succulents are adapted to conserve water, not sit in it! However, the hydroponic method—growing plants without soil—has been gaining traction, even for these drought-tolerant beauties.

Surprisingly, many succulents can adapt to this unconventional setup, and the results are both fascinating and beautiful. Growing succulents hydroponically not only showcases their unique ability to adapt but also comes with its own set of advantages. From offering a mess-free way to cultivate plants to creating an elegant, modern display with visible roots in clear glass containers, hydroponics is worth exploring. Let’s dive into this intriguing method and discover how to grow and care for succulents in water.

What is the Hydroponics Method?

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, using water as the primary medium to deliver essential nutrients directly to the plant roots. This technique relies on the controlled use of water, light, and nutrients to create an ideal environment for plant growth. In hydroponics, plants either have their roots suspended in a nutrient-rich water solution or supported by an inert medium such as perlite, clay pebbles, or rock wool.

The method has been used for centuries, with roots tracing back to ancient civilizations such as the Babylonians and their famous Hanging Gardens. Modern hydroponics, however, leverages advanced technology to grow plants efficiently in limited spaces, making it popular in agriculture and indoor gardening.

For succulents, hydroponics offers a unique approach by allowing them to grow in water instead of their traditional sandy, well-draining soil. While this may seem counterintuitive given their desert origins, succulents can adapt to hydroponics under the right conditions. Their ability to develop "water roots," specialized for absorbing nutrients from water, highlights their remarkable resilience and versatility. This method is particularly appealing for its clean, soil-free setup and the opportunity to create visually striking displays featuring clear containers and exposed roots.

Although hydroponics requires careful monitoring of water quality, nutrient levels, and light, it provides an innovative way to grow plants in environments where traditional soil-based gardening is impractical. For succulents, it challenges traditional notions of care while showcasing their adaptability in a modern, minimalist aesthetic.

Can Succulents Be Grown in Water?

Hydroponic Growth: Pros and Cons

As we’ve explored, succulents are surprisingly adaptable to hydroponic growing methods, but like any gardening approach, it comes with its own benefits and challenges. For those who love experimenting with plant care, hydroponic growth offers a fresh perspective on how succulents can thrive in unconventional settings. The clean, soil-free setup is one of its biggest advantages, reducing mess and eliminating common soil-related pests like fungus gnats. Moreover, the sleek, minimalist look of succulents in clear containers with visible roots adds an artistic and modern touch to any space, making them a decorative favorite.

However, this method is not easy-peasy and certainly not suitable for beginners. Long-term hydroponic care requires consistent attention to water quality—regular changes are necessary to prevent bacteria, algae buildup, and stagnation. Because the plants are entirely dependent on water for their nutrients, supplemental fertilizers must be added periodically to maintain healthy growth. The risk of root rot is another significant concern, especially if the water level is too high or stagnant. Additionally, not all succulent varieties adapt equally well to hydroponic conditions, so selecting the right species and monitoring their progress closely is key.

Water propagation, which is often considered a short-term phase of hydroponics, also has its own pros and cons. It’s an excellent way to root succulent cuttings, allowing for easy observation of root growth in a clean, pest-free environment. However, water propagation has limitations when used over a longer term. Nutrient deficiencies can arise without proper supplementation, and transitioning succulents from water to soil can be tricky as water roots must adapt to a completely different medium.

Check out this quick video to see how to propagate succulents in water

What Succulents Are Suitable for Hydroponic Growth?

Can Cacti Also Be Grown in Water?

Cacti, like succulents, can be propagated and even grown in water, though the process requires careful attention to their unique needs. Cacti are naturally adapted to dry environments, with thick, water-storing tissues and roots designed for quick absorption and efficient drainage. Growing them in water may seem counterintuitive, but with the right approach, it is possible. The process of growing cacti in water requires a different approach and more patience compared to other succulents. 

One of the key differences is the preparation stage: after cutting a section of cactus, you need to let the cut side dry and form a hard callus or scar. This drying period typically takes at least a week, sometimes longer, depending on the weather and humidity. This step is crucial to prevent rot, as cacti are particularly sensitive to excess moisture at the cut site. Only once the cutting is fully dried and calloused can you proceed with placing it in water for propagation or growth.  For water propagation, this method is particularly for suitable for species with larger stems or pads, such as Christmas Cactus (Schlumbergera), Zebra Cactus (Haworthia fasciata), and certain Opuntia varieties. 

Generally, long-term water cultivation is more challenging for cacti. While these plants can form specialized water roots, they are more prone to root rot if the water isn’t changed regularly or if the base remains submerged for too long. Additionally, many cacti rely on dry periods to mimic their natural environment, making water-based growth less ideal for the majority of species. 

How to Grow Succulents in Water - Step by Step

Before you begin, it’s important to research whether the succulent you’ve chosen is suitable for hydroponic growth. Not all succulents adapt well to growing in water, and understanding their natural preferences can save you time and effort. 

Once you’ve selected a suitable succulent, the easiest way to grow it in water is to start with propagation. This method allows the plant to grow roots directly in water, which are specifically adapted for absorbing nutrients from a liquid medium. Taking a succulent already established in soil and transitioning it to water is much more difficult, as soil roots are not designed for hydroponic conditions and often fail to adapt.

To get started, take a healthy cutting from your chosen succulent. The cutting should be pest-free and free of damage to ensure it has the best chance to thrive. Allow the cut end to dry and callous for several days to a week. This step is crucial—it prevents rot when the cutting comes into contact with water.

Once the callus has formed, prepare a clean, transparent container such as a glass jar or small vase. Fill it with filtered or distilled water, ensuring the base of the cutting just touches the surface. Avoid submerging any leaves, as this can lead to rot. If the cutting already has small roots, only the tips should be submerged.

Place the container in a location with bright, indirect sunlight. Light is essential for the cutting to photosynthesize and grow, but direct sunlight can overheat the water and stress the plant. Over the next few weeks, monitor the cutting for root development. It’s important to change the water weekly or whenever it appears cloudy to maintain cleanliness and prevent bacteria or algae buildup.

As roots begin to grow, the cutting will start adapting to its water environment. These specialized water roots are softer and more suited to absorbing nutrients from water. Once the roots are well-established, you can add a diluted liquid fertilizer to the water to support the plant’s growth. Be sparing—succulents need only minimal nutrients, and over-fertilizing can damage the plant.

Check out this video to see how to growing succulents in water

Hydroponic Succulent Care

Caring for hydroponic succulents is a little different from looking after those planted in soil. Without soil to provide nutrients or absorb excess water, your focus shifts to keeping the water clean, well-balanced, and ensuring the plant gets enough light.

First, make sure to change the water regularly—ideally every one to two weeks, or sooner if it looks cloudy. Clean water is key to preventing bacteria or algae from building up, which can harm the plant’s roots. Since water doesn’t naturally have the nutrients plants need, you’ll also need to add a diluted liquid fertilizer every few weeks during the growing season. This gives your succulent the nourishment it would normally get from soil.

Light is just as important. Place your hydroponic succulent somewhere it can soak up plenty of bright, indirect sunlight. A spot near a south-facing window works well, but avoid direct sun, as it can overheat the water and stress the plant. If you’re working with lower light conditions, a grow light can do the trick—just make sure it’s on for about 10-14 hours a day.

Lastly, keep an eye on the roots. Healthy water roots should look white or light tan and feel firm to the touch. If you notice any black, mushy roots, it’s a sign of rot—snip them off and replace the water right away. With a little attention and consistency, your hydroponic succulents can thrive in their unique, soil-free environment while looking absolutely stunning.

Common Problems and Solutions

Root rot is a common problem caused by stagnant water or overly submerged plants. To prevent it, ensure only the roots touch the water and change the water every 1-2 weeks. If rot appears, trim off damaged roots and refresh the setup.

Stem rot and mold can occur if water splashes onto the base of the plant or if the environment is too humid. Keep the plant base dry and maintain good airflow to avoid these issues.

Nutrient deficiencies may lead to slow growth or pale leaves. Adding diluted liquid fertilizer every few weeks during the growing season can help, but avoid over-fertilizing. Algae growth in clear containers is another concern—keep the setup out of direct sunlight and clean the container regularly.

If pests like mealybugs appear, wipe them away with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Lastly, slow growth might signal insufficient light. Ensure your succulents get plenty of bright, indirect sunlight or use a grow light if needed. With regular care, these problems can be resolved, allowing your hydroponic succulents to thrive beautifully.

Q&A

• Can succulents grown hydroponically flower?
  Yes, many succulents can flower in a hydroponic setup if they are provided with the right conditions, such as adequate light, proper nutrients, and seasonal changes in temperature to mimic their natural environment. However, hydroponically grown succulents may flower less frequently or produce fewer blooms compared to those grown in soil.
• What type of water is best for hydroponic succulents?
  Filtered or distilled water is ideal for hydroponic succulents because it lacks impurities like chlorine and hard minerals, which can harm the plant over time. Tap water can be used, but it should be allowed to sit out for 24 hours to let chlorine dissipate before use.
• Can hydroponic succulents be kept outdoors?
  Yes, but only in suitable climates. Hydroponic succulents can be placed outdoors in mild conditions with bright, indirect light, but they should be protected from heavy rain, frost, or extreme heat. Outdoor setups also require frequent water changes to prevent algae and bacteria growth.
• How long can a succulent thrive in a hydroponic setup?
  With proper care, succulents can thrive hydroponically for months or even years. However, growth may be slower than in soil, and the plant’s health will depend on consistent water changes, light exposure, and nutrient supplementation.

• Do hydroponic succulents need fertilizer?
  Yes, since they don’t have access to soil nutrients, a diluted liquid fertilizer should be added every 4-6 weeks during the growing season to keep them healthy. Be cautious not to over-fertilize, as succulents need minimal nutrients compared to other plants.
• What are the signs of a thriving hydroponic succulent?
  Healthy water roots, firm stems, vibrant color, and slow but steady growth are signs that your succulent is thriving in a hydroponic environment. If you notice discoloration, mushy roots, or drooping leaves, it may be time to adjust the water, light, or nutrients.

Succulents Box Recommends

• Good airflow is essential to prevent mold and rot, so place your plants in well-ventilated areas and avoid humid spots, which can create an unfavorable environment for succulents.
• If you're transitioning from soil to water, it’s best to avoid moving established succulents from soil to hydroponics altogether, as soil-grown roots are not suited for water and may rot before adapting. Instead, start with fresh cuttings to allow the plant to develop water roots naturally.
• On the other hand, if you need to move hydroponic succulents from water back to soil, patience is required. Transitioning from water to soil involves gradually acclimating the plant to its new medium. Start by adding a small amount of soil to the water and increasing the ratio slowly over several weeks. This helps the succulent’s roots adapt to the change without shock.

 

For Types of Succulents Careguide. Read more information here.

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